Othello And Iago Essays (1500 words) - Othello, Iago, Michael Cassio

Othello And Iago "I am not what I am." What is Iago? -- as distinct from what he pretends to be -- and what are his motives? In Shakespeare's, Othello, the reader is presented the classic battle between the deceitful forces of evil and the innocence of good. It are these forces of evil that ultimately lead to the breakdown of Othello, a noble venetian moor, well-known by the people of Venice as a honourable soldier and a worthy leader. Othello's breakdown results in the muder of his wife Desdemona. Desdemona is representative of the good in nature. Good can be defined as forgiving, honest, innocent and unsuspecting. The evil contained within Othello is by no means magical or mythical yet is represented by the character Iago. Iago is cunning, untrustworthy, selfish, and plotting. He uses these traits to his advantage by slowly planning his own triumph while watching the demise of others. It is this that is Iago's motivation. The ultimate defeat of good by the wrath of evil. Not only is it in his own nature of evil that he suceeds but also in the weaknesses of the other characters. Iago uses the weaknesses of Othello, specifically jealousy and his devotion to things as they seem, to conquer his opposite in Desdemona. From the start of the play, Iago's scheming ability is shown when he convinces Roderigo to tell about Othello and Desdemonda's elopement to Desdemona's father, Brabantio. Confidentally Iago continues his plot successfully, making fools of others, and himself being rewarded. Except Roderigo, no one is aware of Iago's plans. This is because Iago pretends to be an honest man loyal to his superiors. The fact that Othello himself views Iago as trustworthy and honest gives the evil within Iago a perfect unsuspecting victim for his schemes. The opportunity to get to Desdemona through Othello is one temptation that Iago cannot refuse. He creates the impression that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio in order to stir the jealousy within Othello. It is this jealousy and the ignorance of Othello that lead to the downfall of Desdemona; the one truely good natured character in the play. As the play opens we are immediately introduced to the hostility of Iago against Othello. Iago has been appointed the position of servant to Othello instead of the more prestigous position of lieutenant. Michael Cassio has been appointed this position. Iago feels betrayed because he considers him self more qualified than Cassio to serve as lieutenant. Iago then foreshadows his plans for Othello to Roderigo, "O, sir, content you. / I follow him to serve my turn upon him (Act I, Scene I)". Iago already realizes that Othello thinks about him as an honest man. Roderigo is used by Iago as an apprentence and someone to do his "dirty" work. Roderigo is naively unsuspecting. As the play shifts from Venice to Cyprus there is an interesting contrast. Venice, a respectful and honourable town is overshadowed by the war torn villages of Cyprus. It could be said that Venice represents good or specfically Desdemona and that Cyprus represents evil in Iago. Desdemona has been taken from her peacefullness and brought onto the grounds of evil. Iago commits his largest acts of deceit in Cyprus, fittingly considering the atmosphere. Ironically, the venetians feel the Turks are their only enemy while in fact Iago is in hindsight the one man who destroys their stable state. Act II Scene III shows Iago's willing ability to manipulate characters in the play. Iago convinces Montano to inform Othello of Cassio's weakness for alchohol hoping this would rouse disatisfaction by Othello. Iago when forced to tell the truth against another character does so very suspiciously. He pretends not to offend Cassio when telling Othello of the fight Cassio was involved in, but Iago secretly wants the worst to become of Cassio's situation without seeming responsible. Cassio is relieved of his duty as lieutenant. With Cassio no longer in the position of lieutenant, this gives Iago the opportunity to more effectively interact with and manipulate Othello. By controlling Othello, Iago would essentially control Desdemona. To reach Desdemona directly is unforseeable for Iago considering that Othello is superior to him. It is for this reason that Iago decides to exploit Othello. If Iago can turn Othello against his own wife he will have defeated his opposition. Act III Scene III, is very important because it is the point in the play where Iago begins to establish his manipulation of Othello. Cassio feels that it is necessary to seek the

Descriptive Method Design

Descriptive Method Design Introduction The issue of sexual dysfunction is very sensitive and not every individual will report his problem. The number of male individuals with sexual dysfunction may therefore be small. The best place to get this population is in a clinical setting due to the sensitivity of the condition. The sample population of this study therefore will include men with problems of erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Descriptive Method Design Sample Population specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Any patient with other co-morbidities other than sexual dysfunction will not be included in the study. Hospital records will help to determine that. In addition, any subject who is not a permanent resident in the city, where the hospital is located will not be recruited. All the subjects will be recruited in the study regardless of their socio-economic status. The sample will include male subjects of reproductive age: between 18 and 50 years. This sample population will be recruited from a hospital setting, which will be selected purposively. Every subject will be given an equal chance of taking part in the study through use of random sampling. This kind of sampling is recommended because it is representative of the general population and decreases sampling error and sampling bias. Unfortunately, since it is difficult to obtain a complete sampling frame for this kind of population, hospital records will be used to identify the population and use this population size to come up with a sample size using a sample size calculator. A 95% confidence interval will be selected while calculating the sample size. Since the sample includes two sub-groups (male subjects with erectile dysfunction and those with premature ejaculation), proportional stratified kind of random sampling will be used to draw subjects with reference to the determined sample size. Scientifically cho osing a sample population for this study will increase its chances of achieving external validity. Research Design The chosen method of research design is an analytical case study. This kind of methodology will attempt to analyze the consequences of treatment and the rationale behind its effectiveness, in accordance with the results of the study. A case study is useful in giving insight into a complicated issue and can augment what has already been established in previous research (Krupp, et al. 2007). This is the case in the present study since the case study that will be used can augment previous studies that have indicated pharmacotherapy treatment to be successful in treating males with erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. For the sake of achieving external validity, one type of pharmacotherapy treatment will be used for all subjects.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Each case will be thoroughly studied and analyzed. The case study research design helps a researcher to examine a condition in its real life context. Questionnaires will be used to collect data on the opinions of the subjects with regard to their condition. This will help to determine whether the condition is psychological or medical related. It will also gather data on the outcome of sexual performance when pharmacotherapy treatment is used. In addition, interviews with the health workers will be conducted to get a deeper understanding into the sexual dysfunction conditions under study. Observation will also be used because it mainly helps to understand the unspoken language, that is, the perceptions and attitudes while filling in questionnaires and conducting interviews. According to Yin (2003), a case study excels when answering the questions why and how, and when contextual information needs to be unveiled. In this study of pharmacotherapy treatment, not e very sexual dysfunction is as a result of medical misfit, but, other psychological factors are concerned. Therefore, since a case study helps to understand the many facets revolving a complex issue, it will help to draw out clear cut lines into the determinants of sexual dysfunction and under which circumstances it works best. Expected Outcome A lot of literature is available on how pharmacotherapy treatment counteracts erectile dysfunction as opposed to premature ejaculation. According to a critical review of literature by Eardley, et al. (2010), different types of pharmacotherapy treatment are used in the treatment of sexual dysfunction. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors have been shown to be effective, safe and well-tolerated by patients. The same is the case for Apormorphine, intraurethral alpostadil and intracavernosal injection therapy with alpostadil. Pharmacotherapy is usually the preferred initial treatment for sexual dysfunction and specifically, erectile dysfunct ion. The field of pharmacotherapy in treating erectile dysfunction has evolved over time and more development in the field is ongoing. This study however has concentrated on erectile dysfunction alone.  Various pharmacotherapy treatments for premature ejaculation are available but none of them has been approved according to Avasthi Biswas (2004). Phosphodiesterase type 5 has been found to be the most beneficial accepted pharmacotherapy treatment in addressing premature ejaculation. In this study therefore based on these previous literatures among others, there is a high probability that pharmacotherapy treatment will yield in positive results in the treatment of sexual dysfunction. Unfortunately, literature is available on only the use of sildenafil, as an acceptable mode of treatment, in treating premature ejaculation. The difference in the level of effectiveness of the mode of treatment used for this study when compared with and other studies may vary for erectile dysfunction s ince only one type of pharmacotherapy treatment will be used.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Descriptive Method Design Sample Population specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Avasthi, A., Biswas, P. (2004). Pharmacotherapy of Sexual Dysfunctions: Current Status. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 46 (3), 213-220. Eardley, I., Donatucci, C., Corbin, J, El-Meliegy, A., Hatzimouratidis, K., McVary, K.,†¦Lee, S. (2010). Pharmacotherapy for Erectile Dysfunction. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7, 524-540. Krupp, K., Madhivanan, P., Karat, C., Chandrasekaran, V., Sarvode, M., Klausner, J., Reingold, A. (2007). Novel recruitment strategies to increase participation of women in reproductive health research in India. Global Public Health. 2 (4), 395-403.doi: 10.1080/17441690701238031. Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Fast Food Nation Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fast Food Nation - Annotated Bibliography Example The problem arises when the ‘consumed’ food is unhealthy for people. This is identified by Anup Shaha, in his article which is entitled "Effects of Consumerism," as he notes that "today’s commercial markets include a very wide variety of foods that are unhealthy, but attractively marketed to kids† (Shah). Thus, the popularity of fast food in a given society entails the prevalence of the habit of consumerism in that society. In this context, many of the reviewed articles about the issue of consumerism assert that advertising plays a big role in the popularity of a certain food diet in the society. Regarding the issue of fast food, children are the main audience to which fast food ads are directed in order to attract as many young people as possible to this kind of food. As noted by Sandra L. Calvert, in her article which is entitled "Children as Consumers: Advertising and Marketing," â€Å"because of age-based limits in children's ability to understand adver tiser intent, the Federal Communications Commission has placed safeguards into the television advertising marketplace to protect young child audiences" (Calvert). Similar arguments are made by Mary Story and Simone French, in their article which is entitled "Food Advertising and Marketing Directed at Children and Adolescents in the US," and Barbara Sweeny in her article which is entitled "Concerned about Marketing to Children?" Therefore, many of the reviewed articles raise the issue that consumerism is enhanced in a given society by the excessive use of ads that publicize about fast food.