Motivation Project Essay

The drive to accomplish objectives is being inspired. Inspirational hypotheses are the procedures to arrive at those objectives. Being another understudy in Caitlin’s circumstance is troublesome. Catlin appears as though she could be improving. She isn’t driving herself to her fullest. She comes up short on the longing to. Caitlin does not have a couple of the things required for self-realization; per her circumstance she is in she comes up short on a great deal of inspiration. She needs to discover something worth accomplishing the evaluation for. She hasn’t accomplished all the spots on Maslow’s progressive system of necessities; accomplishment inspiration and neither inherent nor outward inspiration apply. Caitlin appears to have just hit a couple of focuses on Maslow’s order of necessities diagram. She needs self-completion, regard and love/having a place. She doesn’t appear to know herself. She is by all accounts diverted given her circumstance. Physiological and wellbeing she seems to have. She must have physiological and security she appears to have accomplished. She needs three out of five levels on the pecking order of requirements given her present circumstance. She needs accomplishment inspiration. There is nothing persuading her to accomplish her objectives in her reality history class. Her life circumstance has her down with respect to all that It is making her be diverted and she doesn’t have an approach to be roused to accomplish her objectives. She isn’t natural inspired on the grounds that she doesn’t appear to understand that there is motivation to accomplish superior to a c. She additionally doesn’t have extraneous inspiration since she is carrying on with an unpleasant life. She doesn’t feel like she can accomplish anything better. There is nothing either outside or within her that could push her to improve at his second. I would state help out her. Caitlin needs a companion. She is living in the close to incomprehensible circumstance no that nobody going to class needs to live. She is another understudy and her folks are separated. Her reality has detonated for the normal young lady. She has to realize that she can confide in you as her educator. She needs to feel that you’re there and ready to assist her with her both outside and inside scholarly issues. In the event that she knows you’re ready to help with both, at that point perhaps she’ll better inspired to accomplish higher evaluations. She needs a companion. Everyone has to realize they can confide in their instructor. A sound learning condition is the best thing that could be made for youngsters.

Bridge Collapse in Minnesota

The breakdown of scaffold I-35W in Minnesota during the busy time of August 1put enormous weight on the unwavering quality and wellbeing of our extensions across the nation. Incalculable examinations and careful steps were done to make all extensions pass standard techniques and render it ok for both the vehicles and travelers. Simultaneously it offered scratch to our basic architects capacity to think of a genuinely solid structure and extension plan. In this exploration paper we will attempt to stay into the procedure including span structure, the distinctive plan loads, legitimate extension fix and the kind of scaffold configuration utilized by engineers on the I-35W.After the breakdown, we will likewise attempt to interpret the master conclusion on the genuine reason and offer trustworthiness to their hypothesis on the disappointment of the gusset plate. We will likewise talk about the ramifications of the breakdown of the extension to the building calling, especially if the disa ppointment was brought about by blemished structure speculations. Also, in conclusion after everything is said and done, I will attempt to give my evaluation on the issue dependent on the materials separated from the various sites of the Internet. The Design Process The plan of a structure (structures or scaffolds) follows a monotonous and complex process.Bridges for instance needs extra fastidious perception since it conveys moving burdens and configuration imperfections must be precisely checked if the grouping is exposed to a PC produced reproduced pressure outlines. Thusly auxiliary originators can pinpoint the regions inside the structure that is well on the way to endure break in extraordinary instances of scaffold over-burden (BridgeArt). On account of Bridge I-35W in Minneapolis, the architect may have been right in the entirety of his suppositions as guided by the Design Manual of the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC).From the dead burden to the apparent movin g burdens, to the snow burden and effect loads and furthermore the important factor of security were totally joined in his structure perception. Evidence of the issue is the said connect kept on flourishing since its erection in 1967 and just crumbled four decades later. What may have caused the breakdown of the scaffold? Genuine plan mistakes couldn't be blamed in light of the fact that it ought to have fizzled at the beginning †when the extension was first utilized by the driving open. Absolutely the guilty party could be poor support methods or extension repairs.The Bridge Repair Data accumulated from MN-DOT uncovers that the scaffold experienced significant deck clearing in 1970 and 1990. This twin fixes has just added colossal dead burden to the structure. Preceding the breakdown of the extension another clearing was in progress and materials were accumulated on the deck in addition to the different hardware doing the fix work (Obi-Akpere). The ongoing reemerging of the ex tension set an extra deadweight to the structure, generally around 300 tons and may have set off the destruction of scaffold I-35W (Obi-Akpere).The Bridge Design Engineers from the University of Minnesota in its report, saw the extension as a non-repetitive structure †implying that every single basic segment act together and in the event that one part bombs the whole structure would crumple. Plus, the angled structure lays on just four arches and disappointment of one particularly during tremors would be calamitous (Week III). The extension I-35W is a run of the mill three range consistent deck support with a language of steel individuals and with the roadway on top.To shield the scaffold from parallel development due to extraordinary temperature changes (development and compression), connect heading were utilized to permit the structure free development (Week III). The Investigation From the destruction of the fallen scaffold, agents found a few cracked gusset plates. Counts w ere made on the pressure limit of the gusset plates and were seen as way inadequate and the heaps applied on the extension were over their plan limit. In any case, no plan blemishes were seen on the basic individuals (Samuel).This demonstrates that disappointment of the structure radiates from too meager gusset plates, which could have been a development mistake as opposed to a plan defect. Sound judgment directs that a gusset plate ought not be lesser in cross sectional territory to a specific part served. For this situation on the off chance that legitimate development technique could have been followed, at that point basic disappointment ought to have been apparent in the auxiliary individuals (Roy). Or on the other hand structure disappointment could be showed in the welded joints or on the development bolts and bolts.But such isn't the situation, at that point fault ought to be carried by the temporary worker for conceivably attempted severe cost cutting measures or on his inab ility to inform the plan specialist of the modest gusset plates. What's more, the MN-DOT field builds similarly for its inability to detect the imperfect parts introduced in the structure (Gilbert). Likewise examinations were made by MN-DOT work force on the scaffold, however pitiful to state that they couldn't recognize the faulty gusset plates.Any visual review would be pointless except if field specialists would obediently check each auxiliary part by utilizing calipers, especially the thickness of the basic individuals. All the information are feed to their PC plan programming and at exactly that point would they be able to be sure about their basic appraisal (ArtiFactor). Suggestion to Engineering The breakdown of scaffold I-35W is a slap to the building calling, since it will in general show that auxiliary planners neglected to give wellbeing nets to our structures on spans as well as buildings.It will place into question and investigation the strategies and speculations set f orth by symbols of the business. For more than 100 years our auxiliary architects have polished the calling dependent on the fundamentals of the recipes consummated by pioneers of the calling and a miscue like the breakdown of the extension will render these to nothing. This will have a worldwide impact, since everyone will presently put to test the wellbeing of our structures. With a debacle of this greatness, individuals will currently scrutinize the importance of our basic plan principles.Have we truly made a precise building hypothesis and equation that could be in a general sense applied to connect structure? Or on the other hand do we have to additionally sharpen our aptitudes so as to thought of a plan rule that will genuinely address such basic insufficiencies? Architects will presently be insignificant in light of the fact that what they have contemplated and rehearsed during that time will be rendered pointless. It will be starting over since all structures will currently be esteemed unfit for human habitation.What will presently happen to the human populace †most likely live in tents and basic shelter structures? Improvement will be in a stop as everyone will be careful about structure structures, substantially more live in it. In any case, beginning finding from specialists is a much needed refresher to auxiliary architects. They just discovered blunders in judgment in the utilization of materials and segments not on the auxiliary structure. This will demonstrate certain that they have polished sound plan standards and that subsequent structures are more secure than any time in recent memory. ConclusionIn the resulting examination, it is my feeling that what caused the breakdown of extension I-35W isn't the plan defects (albeit apparent) however the indiscriminate fix on the scaffold made by work force of the MN-DOT. Observe that reemerging was made on the extension for three events, one out of 1970, 1990, and the one before the breakdown of t he scaffold. Each time the extension was reemerged, just about 15,000 cubic feet of material was poured over it. This is just for the longest range of 458 feet and a width of 113 feet or around 8 street paths, the one range straightforwardly over the river.This alone comprises more than 2,500 tons added to the first plan load, and since this is completed multiple times, the extra deadweight is colossal. At the hour of the episode hardware and materials were amassed making the structure horribly over-burden, no big surprise the scaffold crumbled (Week III). By the manner in which fixes have been made on the scaffold, it was really a precarious situation. It was never the shortcoming of the basic planner, not even the temporary worker for he realized his responsibilities.But had they followed the steel structure manual on gusset plate plan, the structure could have endure the extra deadweight forced on it. References American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. 1967. Manual of Steel Construction. 6th ed. American Institute of Steel Construction: United States. Artifactor. â€Å"I-35W Bridge over Mississippi River fallen! † Science Buzz. 2 August 2007. Science Museum of Minnesota. 4 February 2008. <http://dev. smm. organization/buzz/blog/i_35w_bridge_over_mississippi_river_collapsed>.BridgeArt. 2007. Long Tail Group. 4 February 2008. < http://www. bridgeart. net/software_database/>. Gilbert, Steve. â€Å"Design Flaw caused MN connect breakdown. † Sweetness and Light. 15 January 2008. 4 February 2008. < http://pleasantness light. com/document/structure imperfection caused-mn-connect collapse>. Obi-Akpere. â€Å"The Critical Factor Why Minneapolis Bridge Collapsed. † NowPublic. 16 January 2008. 3 February 2008. < http://www. nowpublic. com/condition/basic factor-why-minneapolis-connect collapsed>. Roy, Jennifer.â€Å"Design Flaw Identified in Minnesota Bridge Collapse. † Design News. 15 January 2008. 4 February 2008. < http://www. designnews. com/article/CA6522883. html>. Samuel, Peter. â€Å"MN/I-35W extension crumbled in light of the fact that few gusset plates were terribly modest †building blunder the reason. † TollRoadsnews. 15 January 2008. 3 February 2008. < http://www. tollroadsnews. com/hub/3346>. Weeks III, John A. â€Å"Old I-35W Bridge. † John Weeks Homepage. 2005. 3 February 2008. < http://www. visi. com/~jweeks/spans/pages/ms16. html>.

Voltaires Candide: Analysis of Tragedy and Humour

Voltaires Candide: Analysis of Tragedy and Humor Heartbreaking Humor: Realism and Comedy as Satirical Tools in Voltaires Candide There are barely any parts in Voltaires great parody Candide that are completely comedic; in truth, it appears there are less still that don't illuminate the grievous debasement, obliteration, and unethical behavior of a mankind benefited from others wretchedness. A positive thinker, the character of Candide should differentiate straightforwardly the negativity and despondency of his general surroundings. In any case, even his collaborations and encounters do pretty much nothing, in actuality, to battle a picture of a cold and merciless world. This is, obviously, at the foundation of Voltaires humorous virtuoso. Candide is caught into the administration of the Bulgarians, finds that his affection, Mademoiselle Cunegondes family has been destroyed, she herself assaulted and nearly murdered, sold starting with small time then onto the next until she can keep up her fortunes as an escort to influential men. Voltaires Candide encounters a reality that is disordered in its duality, with n ot one group of his life appearing to be protected or unalterable. Through the individuals he experiences and the manners by which they adapt and shoulder the disaster and endowments of their lives with equivalent assurance, Candides battle is edged with a wry funniness. This cleverness works with the cruelty of the truth to loan a human viewpoint to the political and social issues Voltaire tries to ridicule. It is hard to pinpoint any one huge example of diversion in Candide, basically in light of the fact that the funniness is of a littler sort. Rather it attempts to praise the experiences of Candide, as he jumbles the world while drawing on and underlining the imbalances and disasters of societys establishments. Toward the start of his movements, Candide still accepts innocently in the way of thinking of his old educator, Pangloss. This way of thinking accepts that, since everything is made for an end, everything is fundamentally for the best end (Voltaire 521). Candide and Panglosss different students are before long defied by the monstrosities of the world passing, obliteration, assault, and misdirection but then appear to a great extent despite everything stick affectionately to the memory and theory of their gullibly hopeful instructor. It is simply subsequent to losing everything and hearing the stories of the others that Candide starts to see the imprudence in this way of thinkin g. Through the amusingness bound experiences and close and supreme catastrophe, Voltaire shows the flexibility of humankind through such characters as the elderly person who thinks about Candide after he has been flagellated by the Inquisition. The elderly person has experienced mixes of fear corruption that ought to have diminished her humankind however rather have made. The confidence characteristic to Panglosss variant of destiny sabotages reality of life and disregards agony and catastrophe as a major aspect of a bigger general arrangement. Be that as it may, the cleverness which peppers the old womans story, the Princess of Palestrina, shows the bad faith of the frameworks of society which engenders this perfect. A prime case of this funniness is the womans depiction of her kidnapping by Morocco privateers. Our warriors shielded themselves as ecclesiastical soldiers typically do; falling on their knees and tossing down their arms, they asked of the corsair exoneration. (535). The picture introduced is intended to be both clever and illustrative of the figment of religion and social position. Despite the fact that the group of the Pope, the elderly person and different ladies on board are surrendered to the impulse of t he privateers. Neither their strict alliance, social status, cash nor magnificence can shield them from being killed, and on account of the elderly person sold from representative to handle having in one occasion one butt cheek cut off to keep herself from being ripped apart. While the lady has somehow or another acknowledged her current situation, indicating complicity that is at the base of such systematized frameworks that advance dutifulness and visually impaired acknowledgment, her amusingness loans to Voltaire by and large parody on the thought of joy as a disconnected perfect. Having endured endless catastrophes all through her long life, the elderly person takes note of, a hundred times I needed to kill myself, however consistently I adored life more(538). This strange shortcoming is maybe the most deplorable of our tendencies; for is their anything sillier than to want to hold up under constantly a weight one generally wishes to toss on the ground (538). While it is strong, in her demeanor of it here, of Candides own hopefulness it despite everything gives a false representation of an authenticity that there is little in her catastrophe that can or has been advocated by man or God. She has endured and in her enduring has looked to clutch the conc ise triumphs and satisfaction that she has accomplished. Her point is later reverberated by Candide when in clarifying the possibility of positive thinking to Cacambo he shows that his own visually impaired confidence in the theoretical of bliss lectured by Pangloss is more franticness than the real world. In survey the irritated of Candides very thought of life through an unforgiving and performed authenticity, Voltaire drives the peruser to Candides own decisions. Cleverness works with this authenticity to go about as a springboard for hints against the organizations and shows that have made and delayed the absolute most noteworthy torments on the planet. Voltaire, Francois-Marie Aronet de. Candide. The Norton Anthology of World Literature: 1650 to 1800. Ed. Sarah Lawall, et al. second ed. Vol. D. New York: W.W. Norton Co., 2001. 520-582.

What Can Nurses Do To Reduce Incidences Of Falls Among The Elderly - 550 Words

What Can Nurses Do To Reduce Incidences Of Falls Among The Elderly (Term Paper Sample) Content: Elder Falls Student Name Institutional Affiliation Elder Falls The number of senior citizens is increasing in a majority of the countries. Old age makes individuals prone to diseases like mental disorders, dementia, and chronic degenerative diseases [1]. While hospitals and nursing homes are appropriate for the elderly, they can make them prone to falls. Falls can result in fatal injuries and cause severe injuries and even death. Due to poor gait, medication and weak muscles, the elderly can easily fall. Falls have adverse effects not only on patients but also on the economy. For instance, the cost of fall in 2015 was $50 billion where Medicare and Medicaid paid about 75% of the expenses [2]. The increase in elder fall in nursing homes and hospitals reduces the confidence people have on the nurses. Elderly patients do not feel secure in the various facilities. While nurses seek to provide high-quality care to their clients, a majority of them do not have adequate knowledge on how to prevent falls [3]. This paper uses a PICOT question to indicate how nurses can address incidences of elder falls in hospitals and nursing homes. PICOT question This paper addresses the problem, â€Å"What can nurses do to reduce incidences of falls among the elderly.† PICOT variables Population: The nurses to attend to elders aged 60 years and above. Nurses are the primary caregivers which makes them critical population in minimizing elder falls. They are supposed to ensure the safety of elders under their care. It is essential for nurses to participate actively in curbing the problem of elder abuse. The project endeavors to work with nurses because they are better positioned to address the issue. Intervention: Education and training Nurses will undergo training regarding the factors precipitating falls and the prevention strategies to employ. They will know various interventions to apply to curb the problem. Moreover, the nurses will discover medications which make the clients prone to falls. They will learn the importance of reducing the administration of tranquilizers. They will learn the importance of consulting the physicians on the need to discontinue unnecessary mediation. The training will assist the nurses to know how to undertake environmental modifications to make it possible for the elders to operate efficiently. For instance, they can ensure good lighting of the wards and maintain the beds locked. Comparison: Analysis of falls before and after the intervention There will be an examination of falls before and after the application of the intervention. If the number of falls after the intervention will be less, the intervention will be considered successful. However, if there is no change, then the intervention will be regarded as inappropriate. Outcome: A reduction in the incidences of elder falls The expected result of the project is the overall reduction in the number of falls. It also seeks to increase the level of awareness among the nurses regarding fall prevention strategies. More...

The New South Wale s Criminal Justice System - 1265 Words

The New South Wale’s criminal justice system aims to meet the needs of its society through its role in maintaining fairness, justice and equality. However, many flaws and faults still exist in the system that does not always result in the most beneficial outcome for the whole community. From the inappropriate use of a jury in the criminal trial process, the misuse of powers from law enforcement agencies such as the police and the unfair bail conditions for young offenders, it can be seen that the criminal justice system is failing to meet the needs of its community by not balancing the protection of the community with the protection of freedom and rights of individuals. These issues need to be recognised and amended in order to ensure that†¦show more content†¦In the 2013 case, R v Gittany, the accused, Simon Gittany, requested for a judge-only trial. This was due to the complexity of his murder case and the media coverage which Gittany believed would have influenced the jury’s perspectives and outcome. The complexities and intricacies of a trial that took barristers and solicitors years of expertise to understand and interpret cannot be expected to be completely understood from a group of twelve members from the public. This can be seen in a recent 2013 report from the Sydney Morning Herald, ‘Jurors Need More Direction’ where the NSW Law Reform Commission (LRC) found that the directions given to juries from judges ‘are not working, overly complex and need to be clearer’. However, their imperfections aren’t enough to have them off the trial process as juries allow the public to be involved in the judicial system. Public participation in the criminal trial process creates more confidence in the legal system. Juries are the most democratic aspect of the criminal trial process and are a crucial aspect in representing the interests and needs of the community. The New South Wale’s police system have failed to meet the needs of its society due to the misuse and misconduct of its given powers. The police have a large amount of discretion

Observation Paper On Preschool Observation - 1829 Words

Preschool Observation Paper Jacqueline Larsen Brooklyn College Abstract This paper contains observations of a preschool classroom in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn. The observation was conducted in a Pre-K classroom with approximately ten students present. Observations are presented with regard to dramatic play, the presence of gender roles, and themes that emerge during preschool play. Peer relationships and levels of friendship between students will also be discussed. Relationships with adults in the classroom with in terms of attachment styles and general interactions involving teachers and parents will be reviewed. Observations are also described in relation to self-control, self-regulation, aggression,†¦show more content†¦I listened in on the two boys whose play evolved into various themes throughout the play period. In response to the teacher’s question on what he was making, one child responded: â€Å"It’s a mission cruiser from Paw Patrol.† There was dispute among the two on who should be which character. One boy empha tically stated â€Å"I’m not Chase, I’m the little boy!† The other child appeared reluctant to accept this change in roles but gave in rather quickly, likely to appease his classmate. After the roles were settled, the boys began their play by imitating the apparent motifs of this particular television show, mostly involving emergency situations in which people or animals were in need of rescue. After the pair grew tired of this scenario, one of the boys morphed his manipulatives into a weapon shape while saying to the other: â€Å"let’s shoot you.† The teacher was quick to abort this idea with a calm but firm â€Å"no thank you, nothing that hurts other people.† Overall, the play between these two boys did contain largely gender stereotypic themes involving action and adventure and, towards the end, stemmed from potentially violent ideas. Research suggests that children often prefer playing with toys consistent with those typical for their gender (Goble, Martin Hanish 2012). However, they will adjust theShow MoreRelatedPreschool Observation Paper3113 Words   |  13 PagesSETTING The date of my observation was April 27th, 2010. It was about 9:30 in the morning when I began my study. I went to Grossmont College’s Child Development Center. The first thing I began looking for was if the child-teacher ratio was correct. The child ratio was 2 teachers to about every 8 children. The ratio was good. As I entered there was one large room that almost looked as if it could be two rooms they way it was set up. One half consisted of a large bookshelf with numerousRead MoreMy Observation Of My Preschool Observation1108 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of my â€Å"Preschool Observation† is to observe the behavior of a three year old toddler in a head start school setting. The child’s name is Adam Johnson, he is three years old, I do not know the child. I knew that if I did not know the child it would be a better observation. My purpose is to objectively observe the two year old toddler without bias responses of my observation in full descript ive details. My observation of the three year old preschool is to explain the domains of developmentRead MoreIntervention : Overview On The Classroom1439 Words   |  6 Pagesgood behavior. This strategy â€Å"includes a teacher praising or giving attention to students who behave appropriately. This allows other students in the class, particularly those in need of extra behavioral support, to learn or be reminded, through observation, of the behaviors that are appropriate and that will lead to praise and attention from the teacher,† (p 182 ) In com-bination of proximity praise I will also use guided compliance. This involves the teacher giving the student a command with clearRead MoreEarly Childhood Observation Paper624 Words   |  3 PagesObservation Paper #1 Environment Setting: During my observation at the preschool here at Harper, I looked around and realized a lot of similarities and differences it has; compared to other daycare and preschool centers. The age of children in the room I observed was ages 3-5 with one lead teacher, and depending on the ratio of how many kids showed up on that day, about three or four helping teachers. The program was set up to a very open, happy and overwhelming setting. Every furniture and objectRead MoreMajor Connections Between Young Children s Development And Learning And Their Later Attainment And School Achievement1554 Words   |  7 Pagesconnections between young children’s development and learning and their later attainment and school achievement. In addition, negative courses for children who begin kindergarten behind their peers have been reported. These results make it necessary that preschool children have the basic foundation for upcoming school success and are ready when they enter kindergarten. In the past it was expected that children were ready for kindergarten if they were healthy and well-nourished; thoughtful of other’s emotions;Read MoreCognitive And Perceptual Development Of Children1517 Words   |  7 Pagesopportunity to improve and learn new skills from manipulating different objects as well as can practice intertrial variability from playing with others. In order to better understand the concept of motor development in children, a naturalistic observation can be performed. Depending on the environment, certain motor skills can be refined, while others can be repressed. Haywood and Getchell (2014) suggest that in order to better understand motor development in children, cognitive and perceptual developmentRead MoreOccupational Therapy And Speech Therapy Essay996 Words   |  4 Pagessensory integration, and fine motor skills. During this semester the determination and the selection of this internship, ensures me that this outpatient facility was truly a p rovision that will assist me future endeavors for a lifetime. Obtaining the observation of these two professions has been a pleasurable experience. Each day was filled with enjoyment and determination. Each of the therapist were willing to surpass what was expected, to ensure that a goal was met daily. Some of the things that I observedRead MoreJean Piaget s Influence On The Way We Understand Children1609 Words   |  7 PagesOnlooker play, Parallel play, Associative play, and Cooperative play. Like Piaget and Parten, I conducted my own observation at a local preschool to get a better understanding of how children interact and behave. The preschool went by Maywood Child Development Center and it’s located at the very back of the park right behind a pool and a baseball field. On the day of my observation I arrived fifteen minutes before the kids went out to recess, which was perfect because I would be exposed to how theRead MorePersonal Statement On Child Development1373 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment because preschool age children are eager to learn and a joy to teach. I enjoy creating developmentally appropriate activities for children. They enjoy a variety of activities and need to be guided through play. The qualities most preschoolers share are they love to take on roles such as a mommy, teacher, or other grown up role, they want to please the adults and they are learning to communicate their needs. Early childhood education research shows children who attend preschool programs are moreRead MoreSociocultural Theory And Social Interaction1258 Words   |  6 PagesMethod Aven is a female who is two years and ten months old. She is middle class Caucasian. She has attended pre-pre school at Gymboree two days a week for two hours for the last six months. Pre-preschool is a form of preschool that prepares children who are not yet old enough to attend regular preschool. They base their instruction and learning through the concept â€Å"learn through play†. Prior to her attending pre school at Gymboree she would attend classes there with her mother. Attending these classes

Economics for Business and Guidelines

Questions: 1. Compare the market structures of Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly? 2. Explain what Non-price competition means? 3. Explain the term mutual dependence and which market structure experiences it the most? 4. Which market structure do you think each of the following businesses belong to? Explain your choice? 5. Diagrams of demand curves facing two firms? Answers: 1. Perfect Competition 1. Number of firms in the market: In such market structure, there are many firms available on the market offering products to the consumers. 2. Similarity of the products sold: The firms offer similar types of products or services to the target demographics. Precisely, there are no perfect substitute products offered to the consumers. 3. Barriers to entry: In such perfect competition market structure, barriers to entry in the market are substantially low. Meanwhile, the entry of a new competitor will not impact the competitors market share in direct order Monopoly 1. Number of firms in the market: In a monopoly market structure, the number of producer or firm is only one. 2. Similarity of the products sold: Due to lack of product substitute, the producer or seller has sold exclusive products to the target demographics. 3. Barriers to entry: As the product manufacturer in such market structure has got exclusive product rights, any other competitor cannot make an entry in the market Monopolistic Competition 1. Number of firms in the market: The number of firms in such market structure is many. 2. Similarity of the products sold: Similarity of products is less as the products are manufactured for the same purpose, but are differentiated by different factors (Feenstra, 2016). 3. Barriers to entry: Barriers to entry are relatively low in compared to oligopolistic or monopoly industry Oligopoly 1. Number of firms in the market: In such market structure only a few organisations have created an industry.2. Similarity of the products sold: In an oligopolistic market structure, the products manufactured by the firms are nearly identical. 3. Barriers to entry: Due to lack of several competitors in the industry, the barriers to entry are significantly high such as in monopoly business (Layton, Robinson, Tucker, 2012). 2. Non-price competition is a particular market situation in which the industry contestants would not reduce the product prices to get distinct sales benefits (Symeonidis, 2010). Meanwhile, to stay competitive, competitors uses extensive marketing promotions. In a non-price competition, the industry competitors often engage in other significant means instead of lowering prices. First of all, extensive advertising can be identified as one of the most common concepts to become competitive in a non-price competition. Secondly, efficient marketing strategies have been implemented to draw the attention of the target demographics (Layton, Robinson, Tucker, 2012). On another note, quality customer services will be provided by the sellers to stay ahead in a non-price competition market. In this way, sales of the products and services can be increased without reducing the price. 3. Mutual dependence is termed as the interdependence of planning the pricing and product differentiation strategy of the firms operating in the same market. By considering the fact of interdependence, it can be seen that the oligopoly market structure experiences mutual dependence the most (Layton, Robinson, Tucker, 2012). The primary reason for the extreme level of mutual dependence is the few number of sellers and differentiated products. Any change in the strategy of one organisation impacts the strategies and planning process of the other firms. 4. 1. Coles Supermarket in my city belongs to oligopoly market structure becuase of few number of sellers. It is interdependent on other firms operating in the market. 2. A hair dresser salon belongs to perfect competition market structure due to a huge number of salons operating in the market with similar products and services. 3. Metro Trains in Melbourne and Sydney Trains belongs to monopoly market structure becuase they are the utilimate seller in the market and any new entry to the market is restricted (Layton, Robinson, Tucker, 2012). 4. National Australia Bank belongs to oligopoly market structure becuase there are few number of Banks in the market that offers differentiated products and services. 5. Academies Australasia Polytechnic belongs to oligopoly market structure becuase there are few number of polytechnic institutions in the market that offers differentiated products and services (Layton, Robinson, Tucker, 2012). 6. A small store that sells souvenirs such wallets, caps, tee-shirts, key chains in your citys Sunday market that has many such stores belongs to perfect competition market becuase of large number of sellers with similar products. 7. A car workshop in your city belongs to monopolistic competition becuase of large number of sellers in the market that offers differentiated services. It is a free to enter market for new entrants. 7. Iphone and Samsung in the mobile phone industry belongs to oligopoly market structure becuase of few number of sellers and differentiated products. It is comperatively difficult for new entrants to start business in the mobile phone industry becuase of a large investment. 5. Diagram A Diagram B By considering the two diagrams given above, it can be seen that diagram A represents inelastic demand curve and diagram B represents elastic demand curve. The application of the above diagrams to two different market structures has been presented herein below: Monopolistic Competition: The diagram B is an elastic demand curve that belongs to monopolistic competition market. In a monopolistic competition, any changes made by a firm will highly impact its sales because of the high level of competition and product differentiation in the market (Yomogida, 2010). Hence, the demand curve in the monopolistic competition market is elastic but not perfectly elastic. Oligopoly: On the other hand, any changes made by the firm in an oligopoly market will make other firms to do the same kind of change in its strategy. For example, if firm A reduces the price of its products, the firm B will also do the same to compete and survive in the market (Yomogida, 2010). Hence, the changes made in the price will not impact its demand by a high range. Hence, the demand curve in an oligopoly market is inelastic in nature. References Feenstra, R. (2016). Gains from Trade Under Monopolistic Competition.Pacific Economic Review,21(1), 35-44. Layton, A., Robinson, T., Tucker, I. (2012).Economics for Today(1st ed.). South Melbourne, Vic.: Cengage Learning Australia. Symeonidis, G. (2010). Price and Nonprice Competition with Endogenous Market Structure.Journal Of Economics Management Strategy,9(1), 53-83. Yomogida, M. (2010). Fragmentation and Welfare in Monopolistic Competition.Review Of International Economics,18(3), 531-539.

What common features can be discerned in the careers of Tanchelm, Henry of Le Mans, Peter of Bruys and Arnold of Brescia Essay Example

What common features can be discerned in the careers of Tanchelm, Henry of Le Mans, Peter of Bruys and Arnold of Brescia Essay The 12th century is characterised by an evangelical awakening, stimulated by the Gregorian assault on ecclesiastical corruption.1 These reforms, however, were not wholly implemented, and when they were it was often inadequate. Wandering lay preachers were a consequence of the Gregorian attempt at Church reform.2 Often orthodox many, however, not only criticised clerical morals, but also the sacraments, doctrine, and the authority of the church.3 Tanchelm4, Peter of Bruys, Henry Le Mans and Arnold of Brescia are significant examples of such individuals who felt the church did not meet their needs for religious life and leadership:5 one great stimuli of popular dissent [was] the failure of the church to meet the high expectations of moral renewal which were aroused by Gregorian reformers.6 Peter of Bruys is a shadowy figure and little is known about his origins. 7 It is believed, however, he was a parish priest to the village of Bruys in the French Alps.8 From c.1112 Peter is expelled from his benefice to become a wandering preacher in the Alpine foot hills, criticising the church.9 After 20 years Peter emerges from the mountains to preach in south west France,10 and at some point he forms an alliance with Henry of Le Mans before his murdered at St Gilles in c.1131.11 We will write a custom essay sample on What common features can be discerned in the careers of Tanchelm, Henry of Le Mans, Peter of Bruys and Arnold of Brescia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What common features can be discerned in the careers of Tanchelm, Henry of Le Mans, Peter of Bruys and Arnold of Brescia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What common features can be discerned in the careers of Tanchelm, Henry of Le Mans, Peter of Bruys and Arnold of Brescia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Henry Le Mans also known as Lausanne12 and the Monk13 preached in northern and especially southern France. The first detailed account14 of his activities is in 1116 when he preachers in Le Mans. Bishop Hildebrant before he leaves for Rome gives Henry permission to evangelise as he believes him to be a penitential preacher.15 Henry, however, preaches against the materialism of the church inciting the populace to rise against the clerics of the city, and when Hildebrant returns he has great difficulty regaining his authority.16 After being expelled from Le Mans Henrys career for the next 20 years is obscure. It is suggested, however, through Henrys alliance with Peter of Bruys, sometime before c.1133, that Henry takes on a more heretical stance.17 Henry is arrested by the bishop of Arles and brought before the Council of Pisa in 1135, where he is ordered to give up his itinerant preaching and re-enter a monastery.18 Whether Henry initially obeyed this order or not is not known because in 1145 he is the object of Bernard of Clairvauxs mission against heresy. After this time, however, Henry is not mentioned again in the sources.19 Tanchelm preached against the materialism of the church in the low countries for about five years before his death in c.1115.20 The portrait presented of him in the sources21 describes him as a libertine and a political agitator, arousing the masses to reject the church. In recent scholarship, however, Tanchelm is re-presented as a priest or a monk, who as a wandering preacher attempted to further the Gregorian reforms.22 It is suggested Tanchelm was accused of heresy because he was an agent of Count Robert of Flanders a supporter of the Gregorian reforms. The truth about Tanchelm is not clear as there are hostile sources independent to that of The Canons of Utrecht. It is suggested, however, that it is safe to assume that Tanchelm was at least a Gregorian priest who slipped into Donatism.23 Tanchelm was murdered in c.1115 whilst in a boat, by a priest hitting him over the head.24 Arnold of Brescia an Augustine abbot, born in or near the Italian city of Brescia,25 is described as :a vehement preacher against the vanities of the world. It is not clear whether Arnold was involved in the urban revolt again Manfred Brescias bishop26 from 1135, but in 1138 Manfred leaves Brescia for Rome and John of Salisbury27 alleges that Arnold rouses the dissident populace against the bishop.28 Consequently, Manfred secures the condemnation of Arnold in 1139 and his banishment from Italy.29 Repairing to France Arnold is later expelled due to his criticism of the church and Bernard of Clairvaux. Returning to Italy after a visit to Bohemia he is invited to Rome by Pope Eugenius III to undergo penance.30 Arnold, however, is incensed by papal corruption and as a result by 1146 Arnold is involved in the conflict between the communal movement of Rome and the papacy.31 The pope is made to leave Rome on more than one occasion, and Arnolds political agenda is clear when he calls upon th e Emperor to re-assert his temporal authority, in order for the church to return to its spiritual occupations. Arnold, however, is victim to the fickle political loyalties of the time. Arnold was executed in 1155 for political rebellion.32 The overwhelming similarities between the careers of Tanchelm, Peter of Bruy, Henry of Le Mans and Arnold of Brescia are that they felt the church did not meet their needs for religious life and leadership. The consequences of which caused serious social problems that they attempted to combat. They could be described as radical Gregorian reformers, but having taken matters into their hands they cross the ambiguous lines between orthodoxy and heresy. The careers of both Henry and Peter began in rural obscurity, and moving into the urban areas they have more success. Henry and Peter formed an alliance at some point as they were both active in south western France. This is considered particularly important as these areas were later strongholds of the later Waldensian and Cathar heresies, Henry and Peters criticism of the church having prepared the ground for them.33 Arnold and possibly Tanchelm (depending on whether he started preaching in Zealand or Antwerp) began preaching in urban areas, and particularly with Tanchelm this might have accounted for his early death?34 The criticism of the church emanating from all four heretics was received with enthusiasm by the laity and some of the minor clergy. In Brescia, Le Mans, and Rome, for example, the urban communities were struggling to set up communes to gain some political and social independence from their ecclesiastical overlords. Arnold at both Brescia and Rome involved himself in situations where the church was seen to intolerably dominant. In Rome especially, the church held de facto power, therefore everything was subject to its control.35 Arnolds dissent, however, can be described as more political than religious. In this context Arnold objected to the temporal authority of the church, as this authority belonged to the secular rulers. As a fusion of religious and political ideals Arnolds aim, was for a renewed apostolic church without temporal power and Roman independence from the latter.36 The political nature of Arnolds teaching if carried out would have made significant social as well as ec clesiastical changes.37 Henrys teaching, at Le Mans was also particularly social as it went beyond heresy to provide the people with a means to challenge economic dominance of the church:38 The new dogma which Henry pronounced was to deny the authority of ecclesiastical innovations whose social consequences were disastrous for those who listened to him As with more orthodox churchmen Henry concerned himself with the reconstitution of fallen women. In Le Mans after these women were purified he ordered the young men to marry them. Henry particularly objected to the interference of the church in the life of the people, and as such he broke social codes by sweeping away the Gregorian reforms on marriage to ease the burdens placed on the laity by the church.39 Henry believed the church had no right to control marriage and with this in mind he declared it was not a sacrament, the only requirement being the consent of two individuals. Henry also preached that dowries were not to be exchanged and if necessary people could marry incestuously, as opposed to the new Gregorian prohibited degrees of consanguinity.40 Similarities also arise in theological beliefs among the four heretics that is mainly a consequence of their objections to the materialism and corrupt nature of the church. Peter of Bruys, for example rejected the church as he believed all accretions should be stripped away to reveal its true simple nature. Henrys underlying belief too was a desire to return to apostolic simplicity. For example, Peter asserted that churchs were not necessary for prayer and should be pulled down, Henry is also suspected of this view.41 Peter and Henry also placed an emphasis on personal responsibility for salvation. They both for differing reasons rejected infant baptism,42 also the efficaciousness of good works and prayers on behalf of the dead: No good works helps the dead for as soon as men die they are either utterly damned or are saved 43 Henry also rejected the right of priest to hear penance as it had no scriptural warrant,44 and Henry unlike Peter also stressed the right to preach freely on the basis of the command of Christ to preach the Gospel.45 Peter denied the mass through a literal reading of the Bible.46 Henry, Tanchelm and Arnold, however, are all described as believing the immorality of the clergy to invalidate the sacraments: the efficacy of the sacrament depends on the merit and sanctity of the minister.47 Henrys anticlericalism in this respect was so extreme he advocated a wandering clergy with no wealth or benefice and no sacramental functions, there only task being to preach and extol.48 It is proposed Tanchelm also held the view that the corruption of the church destroyed its apostolic mandate.49 Tanchelm, Peter and Henry also went further to dismiss the Eucharist entirely. Arnolds attack on the moral unworthiness is considered the most extreme.50 He believed that all priests should live like monks. His extremist views, however, led him to cross the lines from heresy to rebellion.51 He taught that the church had apostatised from its calling, and that clerics with property would not be saved: He denounced the cardinals saying that their collage, by its pride, avarice, hypocrisy and manifold shame was not the church of God.52 The climax of Arnolds teaching, however, emphasising its political content was the belief that the pope was not whom he professed to be, therefore, neither obedience nor reverence was due to him.53 Unlike Peter, Henry and Tanchelm, Arnold did not reject the mass, or the validity of the penitential system,54 as he did not object to the relationship between God and man the church presented.55 Also Arnold unlike Tanchlem did not object to the churches right to tithes or freewill offerings.5 What common features can be discerned in the careers of Tanchelm, Henry of Le Mans, Peter of Bruys and Arnold of Brescia Essay Example What common features can be discerned in the careers of Tanchelm, Henry of Le Mans, Peter of Bruys and Arnold of Brescia Essay The 12th century is characterised by an evangelical awakening, stimulated by the Gregorian assault on ecclesiastical corruption.1 These reforms, however, were not wholly implemented, and when they were it was often inadequate. Wandering lay preachers were a consequence of the Gregorian attempt at Church reform.2 Often orthodox many, however, not only criticised clerical morals, but also the sacraments, doctrine, and the authority of the church.3 Tanchelm4, Peter of Bruys, Henry Le Mans and Arnold of Brescia are significant examples of such individuals who felt the church did not meet their needs for religious life and leadership:5 one great stimuli of popular dissent [was] the failure of the church to meet the high expectations of moral renewal which were aroused by Gregorian reformers.6 Peter of Bruys is a shadowy figure and little is known about his origins. 7 It is believed, however, he was a parish priest to the village of Bruys in the French Alps.8 From c.1112 Peter is expelled from his benefice to become a wandering preacher in the Alpine foot hills, criticising the church.9 After 20 years Peter emerges from the mountains to preach in south west France,10 and at some point he forms an alliance with Henry of Le Mans before his murdered at St Gilles in c.1131.11 We will write a custom essay sample on What common features can be discerned in the careers of Tanchelm, Henry of Le Mans, Peter of Bruys and Arnold of Brescia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What common features can be discerned in the careers of Tanchelm, Henry of Le Mans, Peter of Bruys and Arnold of Brescia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What common features can be discerned in the careers of Tanchelm, Henry of Le Mans, Peter of Bruys and Arnold of Brescia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Henry Le Mans also known as Lausanne12 and the Monk13 preached in northern and especially southern France. The first detailed account14 of his activities is in 1116 when he preachers in Le Mans. Bishop Hildebrant before he leaves for Rome gives Henry permission to evangelise as he believes him to be a penitential preacher.15 Henry, however, preaches against the materialism of the church inciting the populace to rise against the clerics of the city, and when Hildebrant returns he has great difficulty regaining his authority.16 After being expelled from Le Mans Henrys career for the next 20 years is obscure. It is suggested, however, through Henrys alliance with Peter of Bruys, sometime before c.1133, that Henry takes on a more heretical stance.17 Henry is arrested by the bishop of Arles and brought before the Council of Pisa in 1135, where he is ordered to give up his itinerant preaching and re-enter a monastery.18 Whether Henry initially obeyed this order or not is not known because in 1145 he is the object of Bernard of Clairvauxs mission against heresy. After this time, however, Henry is not mentioned again in the sources.19 Tanchelm preached against the materialism of the church in the low countries for about five years before his death in c.1115.20 The portrait presented of him in the sources21 describes him as a libertine and a political agitator, arousing the masses to reject the church. In recent scholarship, however, Tanchelm is re-presented as a priest or a monk, who as a wandering preacher attempted to further the Gregorian reforms.22 It is suggested Tanchelm was accused of heresy because he was an agent of Count Robert of Flanders a supporter of the Gregorian reforms. The truth about Tanchelm is not clear as there are hostile sources independent to that of The Canons of Utrecht. It is suggested, however, that it is safe to assume that Tanchelm was at least a Gregorian priest who slipped into Donatism.23 Tanchelm was murdered in c.1115 whilst in a boat, by a priest hitting him over the head.24 Arnold of Brescia an Augustine abbot, born in or near the Italian city of Brescia,25 is described as :a vehement preacher against the vanities of the world. It is not clear whether Arnold was involved in the urban revolt again Manfred Brescias bishop26 from 1135, but in 1138 Manfred leaves Brescia for Rome and John of Salisbury27 alleges that Arnold rouses the dissident populace against the bishop.28 Consequently, Manfred secures the condemnation of Arnold in 1139 and his banishment from Italy.29 Repairing to France Arnold is later expelled due to his criticism of the church and Bernard of Clairvaux. Returning to Italy after a visit to Bohemia he is invited to Rome by Pope Eugenius III to undergo penance.30 Arnold, however, is incensed by papal corruption and as a result by 1146 Arnold is involved in the conflict between the communal movement of Rome and the papacy.31 The pope is made to leave Rome on more than one occasion, and Arnolds political agenda is clear when he calls upon th e Emperor to re-assert his temporal authority, in order for the church to return to its spiritual occupations. Arnold, however, is victim to the fickle political loyalties of the time. Arnold was executed in 1155 for political rebellion.32 The overwhelming similarities between the careers of Tanchelm, Peter of Bruy, Henry of Le Mans and Arnold of Brescia are that they felt the church did not meet their needs for religious life and leadership. The consequences of which caused serious social problems that they attempted to combat. They could be described as radical Gregorian reformers, but having taken matters into their hands they cross the ambiguous lines between orthodoxy and heresy. The careers of both Henry and Peter began in rural obscurity, and moving into the urban areas they have more success. Henry and Peter formed an alliance at some point as they were both active in south western France. This is considered particularly important as these areas were later strongholds of the later Waldensian and Cathar heresies, Henry and Peters criticism of the church having prepared the ground for them.33 Arnold and possibly Tanchelm (depending on whether he started preaching in Zealand or Antwerp) began preaching in urban areas, and particularly with Tanchelm this might have accounted for his early death?34 The criticism of the church emanating from all four heretics was received with enthusiasm by the laity and some of the minor clergy. In Brescia, Le Mans, and Rome, for example, the urban communities were struggling to set up communes to gain some political and social independence from their ecclesiastical overlords. Arnold at both Brescia and Rome involved himself in situations where the church was seen to intolerably dominant. In Rome especially, the church held de facto power, therefore everything was subject to its control.35 Arnolds dissent, however, can be described as more political than religious. In this context Arnold objected to the temporal authority of the church, as this authority belonged to the secular rulers. As a fusion of religious and political ideals Arnolds aim, was for a renewed apostolic church without temporal power and Roman independence from the latter.36 The political nature of Arnolds teaching if carried out would have made significant social as well as ec clesiastical changes.37 Henrys teaching, at Le Mans was also particularly social as it went beyond heresy to provide the people with a means to challenge economic dominance of the church:38 The new dogma which Henry pronounced was to deny the authority of ecclesiastical innovations whose social consequences were disastrous for those who listened to him As with more orthodox churchmen Henry concerned himself with the reconstitution of fallen women. In Le Mans after these women were purified he ordered the young men to marry them. Henry particularly objected to the interference of the church in the life of the people, and as such he broke social codes by sweeping away the Gregorian reforms on marriage to ease the burdens placed on the laity by the church.39 Henry believed the church had no right to control marriage and with this in mind he declared it was not a sacrament, the only requirement being the consent of two individuals. Henry also preached that dowries were not to be exchanged and if necessary people could marry incestuously, as opposed to the new Gregorian prohibited degrees of consanguinity.40 Similarities also arise in theological beliefs among the four heretics that is mainly a consequence of their objections to the materialism and corrupt nature of the church. Peter of Bruys, for example rejected the church as he believed all accretions should be stripped away to reveal its true simple nature. Henrys underlying belief too was a desire to return to apostolic simplicity. For example, Peter asserted that churchs were not necessary for prayer and should be pulled down, Henry is also suspected of this view.41 Peter and Henry also placed an emphasis on personal responsibility for salvation. They both for differing reasons rejected infant baptism,42 also the efficaciousness of good works and prayers on behalf of the dead: No good works helps the dead for as soon as men die they are either utterly damned or are saved 43 Henry also rejected the right of priest to hear penance as it had no scriptural warrant,44 and Henry unlike Peter also stressed the right to preach freely on the basis of the command of Christ to preach the Gospel.45 Peter denied the mass through a literal reading of the Bible.46 Henry, Tanchelm and Arnold, however, are all described as believing the immorality of the clergy to invalidate the sacraments: the efficacy of the sacrament depends on the merit and sanctity of the minister.47 Henrys anticlericalism in this respect was so extreme he advocated a wandering clergy with no wealth or benefice and no sacramental functions, there only task being to preach and extol.48 It is proposed Tanchelm also held the view that the corruption of the church destroyed its apostolic mandate.49 Tanchelm, Peter and Henry also went further to dismiss the Eucharist entirely. Arnolds attack on the moral unworthiness is considered the most extreme.50 He believed that all priests should live like monks. His extremist views, however, led him to cross the lines from heresy to rebellion.51 He taught that the church had apostatised from its calling, and that clerics with property would not be saved: He denounced the cardinals saying that their collage, by its pride, avarice, hypocrisy and manifold shame was not the church of God.52 The climax of Arnolds teaching, however, emphasising its political content was the belief that the pope was not whom he professed to be, therefore, neither obedience nor reverence was due to him.53 Unlike Peter, Henry and Tanchelm, Arnold did not reject the mass, or the validity of the penitential system,54 as he did not object to the relationship between God and man the church presented.55 Also Arnold unlike Tanchlem did not object to the churches right to tithes or freewill offerings.56 Tanchelm and Peter, both advocated violent attack upon the visible images of Catholicism.57 Henry also sponsored the violation of images although except in Le Mans his career was not characterised by violence. Peters beliefs, however, were carried out by practical demonstrations58 and perhaps the most idiosyncratic was the burning of crosses. Peter believed the Cross not worthy of adoration as it was the instrument of Christs death, therefore it was dishonoured it by being hacked to pieces and burnt.59 Whilst burning crosses in St. Gilles, however, Peter was pushed into the fire by an outraged citizen: the destruction of Peter of Bruys, whom the zeal of the faithful at Saint-Gilles punished by burning in the flames from the wood of the Lords Cross which he had set afire60 Due to a social need for holy individuals to live among the people all four heretics were subject to devotion,61 as Henry, Peter, Tanchelm and Arnold were all renowned for their holiness of life: He [Arnold] had disciples who imitated his austerities and won favour with the populace through outward decency and austerity of life62 Devotion was also derived from their oratory skills, as Tanchelm, for example, is described as having a powerful dramatic talent that held the people in awe. The accounts of both Henry and Tanchelm are standard heretical reports designed to discredit them, coloured by accusations of libertinism and promiscuity: Matrons and adolescent boys (for he [Peter] enjoyed the pandering of both sexes), attending him at different times, avowed openly their aberrations and increased them, caressed his feet, his buttocks, his groin, with tender hands.63 Henry is also accused by the Bishop Hildebert of being an impostor and a charlatan after he is tested on the offices of the church,64 and Tanchelm is charged with the most sensational acts, for example, of betrothing himself to the Virgin Mary and giving his bath water for his followers to drink in mockery of the sacraments.65 Arnold on the other hand even though he is described as converting pious women to his cause is not accused of any sexual misconduct. Even his bitterest enemy Bernard of Clairvaux does not reproach him. 66 Arnold, Peter and Henry are also described using the biblical metaphor as wolfs in sheep clothing, which is suggestive of their humble and saintly exterior disguising their heretical opinions: He hid the madness of a ravening wolf under sheeps clothing.67 To conclude, the common features discernible from the careers of Tanchelm, Henry of Le Mans, Peter of Bruys and Arnold of Brescia is that they all objected to the church because of its preoccupation with materialism and clerical corruption, which led to serious social consequences. All four tried in their own way to combat these problems by providing spiritual leadership and example to the laity. In doing this, however, all crossed the ambiguous line between criticism of the church and heresy. Arnold, however, went one step further by trying to further his religious aims through political rebellion, emphasising the close relationship of the church with the political situations of the time.

The Manhattan Project Timeline

The Manhattan Project Timeline The Manhattan Project was a secret research project that was created to help America design and build an atomic bomb. This was created in reaction to Nazi scientists who had discovered how to split a uranium atom in 1939. In fact, President Franklin Roosevelt was not that concerned when Albert Einstein first wrote him about the possible consequences of splitting the atom. Einstein had previously discussed his concerns with Enrico Fermi who had escaped from Italy. However, by 1941 Roosevelt had decided to create a group to research and develop the bomb. The project was given its name due to the fact that at least 10 of the sites used for the research were located in Manhattan. Following is a timeline of the key events related to the development of the atomic bomb and the Manhattan Project.   Manhattan Project Timeline DATE EVENT 1931 Heavy Hydrogen or deuterium is discovered by Harold C. Urey. 1932 The atom is split by John Crockcroft and E.T.S. Walton of Great Britain, thereby proving Einsteins Theory of Relativity. 1933 Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard realizes the possibility of the nuclear chain reaction. 1934 The first nuclear fission is achieved by Enrico Fermi of Italy. 1939 The Theory of Nuclear Fission is announced by Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch. January 26, 1939 At a conference at George Washington University, Niels Bohr announces the discovery of fission. January 29,1939 Robert Oppenheimer realizes the military possibilities of nuclear fission. August 2, 1939 Albert Einstein writes to President Franklin Roosevelt concerning the use of uranium as a new source of energy leading to the formation of the Committee on Uranium. September 1, 1939 World War II Begins. February 23, 1941 Plutonium is discovered by Glenn Seaborg. October 9, 1941 FDR gives the go-ahead for the development of an atomic weapon. December 6, 1941 FDR authorizes the Manhattan Engineering District for the purpose of creating an atomic bomb. This would later be called the Manhattan Project. September 23, 1942 Colonel Leslie Groves is placed in charge of the Manhattan Project. J. Robert Oppenheimer becomes the Projects Scientific Director. December 2, 1942 First controlled nuclear fission reaction is produced by Enrico Fermi at the University of Chicago. May 5, 1943 Japan becomes the primary target for any future atomic bomb according to the Military Policy Committee of the Manhattan Project. April 12, 1945 Franklin Roosevelt dies. Harry Truman is named the 33rd President of the US. April 27, 1945 The Target Committee of the Manhattan Project select four cities as possible targets for the atomic bomb. They are Kyoto, Hiroshima, Kokura, and Niigata. May 8, 1945 War ends in Europe. May 25, 1945 Leo Szilard attempts to warn President Truman in person concerning the dangers of atomic weapons. July 1, 1945 Leo Szilard begins a petition to get President Truman to call off using the atomic bomb in Japan. July 13, 1945 American intelligence discovers the only obstacle to peace with Japan is unconditional surrender. July 16, 1945 The worlds first atomic detonation takes place in the Trinity Test at Alamogordo, New Mexico. July 21, 1945 President Truman orders atomic bombs to be used. July 26, 1945 Potsdam Declaration is issued, calling for the unconditional surrender of Japan. July 28, 1945 Potsdam Declaration is rejected by Japan. August 6, 1945 Little Boy, a uranium bomb, is detonated over Hiroshima, Japan. It kills between 90,000 and 100,000 people immediately. Harry Truman's Press Release August 7, 1945 U.S. decides to drop warning pamphlets on Japanese cities. August 9, 1945 The second atomic bomb to hit Japan, Fat Man, was scheduled to be dropped at Kokura. However, because of poor weather, the target was moved to Nagasaki. August 9, 1945 President Truman addresses the nation. August 10, 1945 U.S. drops warning leaflets concerning another atomic bomb on Nagasaki, the day after the bomb was dropped. September 2, 1945 Japan announces its formal surrender. October 1945 Edward Teller approaches Robert Oppenheimer to aid in the building of a new hydrogen bomb. Oppenheimer refuses.

When do the hague visby rules apply Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

When do the hague visby rules apply - Essay Example includes, apart from several other aspects, the physical state of the vessel, the competency as well as adequacy of the crew, the adequacy of fuel as well as other sundry supplies which may include the facilities that are necessary as well as appropriate in accordance with the requirements of the carrier. a. The vessel must have suitable and sufficient manpower, as well as adequate equipments to combat and survive the ordinary perils of the sea that could be encountered during the voyage, and that are deemed necessary for performing the services required of it Under The Hague – Visby Rules, the ship owner is under a continuous obligation to exercise due diligence to provide a sea worthy vessel which includes providing of a competent crew, at the commencement of each voyage. Moreover, such an obligation also extends to the shore staff of the company, where the ship owner could well be held responsible in the event of loss or damage caused to the carrier / goods of the company. The types of deficiencies that could lead a vessel to be deemed as unseaworthy include, Defective Engines, Defective Compass, Incompetency of the personnel hired to man the vessel – such as employing of incompetent engineers as well as other officers, the stowing of the Deck cargo in a way that has the effect of rendering the vessel unstable. In general, The Hague – Visby Rules, entrusts the ship owner with an additional liability of exercising due diligence and care in providing a seaworthy ship which must â€Å"have the degree of fitness which an ordinary careful and prudent owner would require his vessel to have at the commencement of her voyage having regard to all the probable circumstances of it† (source: G.P. Pamborides, International Shipping Law: Legislation and Enforcement,page-154) The failure of the crew to adhere to the established procedures of the company and the subsequent casualty arising out of such negligence, leads to an impending liability on the company, either

Home Depot's Blueprint for Culture Change Research Paper

Home Depot's Blueprint for Culture Change - Research Paper Example One of the greatest levels of inference that this can help to provide is with respect to the deviation that oftentimes occurs between the real world application of theory as compared to the academic interpretation for theoretical models and approaches. Firstly, Kotter and Cohen present what they term as the first stage of the eight step plan. Within this first stage, three particular steps are evidenced. These are as follows: increasing urgency, building what they term as â€Å"guiding teams,† and getting the right vision. It can immediately be inferred that they engaged with each and every one of these. Firstly, the urgency was created within the corporate level and soon diffused to the lower middle management within the entity. Secondly, it can be directly noted that the implementation of guiding teams was something that Nardelli placed a high emphasis upon. Although it would have been nice to see these guiding teams leverage a further degree of information rather than merel y seeking to implement a rather vague vision. Further, with regards to the last step in this three-step first stage, the actual vision creation and definition that Nardelli sought to engage within Home Depot was largely lacking. Although it is obvious that a new CEO was to seek to leverage increased profitability and maintain sales in an era of growing complexity and competition, the actual means by which this was to be effected were not presented in a step-by-step metric that the reader was able to follow in any discernible or applicable way. Similarly, the second stage of Kotter and Cohen’s eight step plan for instituting change is what is termed as â€Å"engaging and enabling the organization.† This stage includes the following: communication for buy-in, enablement of action, and creation of short-term wins. The is the particular stage of Kotter and Cohen’s process that Nardelli accomplished so effectively and to such a high degree, most likely providing this particular change approach with the degree of success that it ultimately achieved. By interacting with the respective stakeholders of this change process early, the communication for buy-in was related to them and understanding of the need for action was enabled. A more difficult part of this process is allowing for a situation in which short-term wins can be created so that stakeholders not only are continually cognizant of the process but also are aware of the fact that the changes that they have thus far implemented have reflected positively and will allow for future success. However, even though this is difficult, it was achieved by Nardelli in the fact that the changes in approach were proven successful to the stakeholders by increased sales numbers and profitability (Charan, 2006). Moreover, even though the cultural change that was implemented forced many individuals within middle management out of their respective comfort zones, it also allowed for a reconsideration of the a version to paperwork and central procedures that have thus far pervaded the entire business. The final stage of Kotter and Cohen’s eight step process is what is termed as implementing and sustaining change. Within this particular stage exist the following two steps: not letting up and making the idea / change stick. Although it might be easy to say that there are verified statistics that help to prove that Nardelli did not

Dunkirk Was a Miracle of Deliverance Essay Example for Free

Dunkirk Was a Miracle of Deliverance Essay From the 27th of May to the 4th of June, there were the nine days of evacuation of British, French, Belgian and Dutch soldiers alike. They were trapped in the small town of Dunkirk due to the port that was there. After waiting for days, the majority were eventually rescued by a combination of naval vessels and civilian boats as well as fishing boats and ferries. It is regarded as a great victory for the British as it saved many lives although a military victory for the Germans. I agree with the quotation above that â€Å"Dunkirk was a miracle of deliverance† because of the overwhelming evidence of the pros of the operation (codenamed Operation Dynamo). The first pro of the evacuation was that 338,226 soldiers were rescued in the operation itself. Much of the British expeditionary force (BEF) was also rescued as well as 139,997 French soldiers. The German causalities were also very high with 27,074 killed and 111,034 wounded soldiers. Although there were many material losses, the morale of the British was raised after the evacuation of Dunkirk, as they felt that they were helping in the war effort and that even though many had died, many lived to â€Å"fight another day†. Another pro is that after Dunkirk the Americans were more motivated to enter the war and help the allies. On the other hand I disagree with this quotation because even with the rescuing of 338,226 men, another 68,000 British soldiers were killed and 290,000 French soldiers. Nearly all of Britain’s tanks, planes, naval vessels, small arms and motor vehicles were either damaged or left behind on the beaches of France. Another point for the cons is that many civilians were injured and killed whilst trying to rescue the soldiers stranded on the beaches. All in all Dunkirk was one of the greatest military victories for the Germans due to the massive loss of British soldiers and military resources. To conclude, although this was a great military victory for the Germans, it was also a great help in raising the hope of the British population. In short I agree with the quotation above because of the points stated above as well as the fact that if Dunkirk had failed in the slightest for the British then Churchill would have probably signed a peace treaty with Hitler, allowing the Germans to win the war. In the long-term, Dunkirk was a great victory for the British although it was a very big defeat in the short-term as much military strength was lost.

Kashmir Conflict :: essays research papers

Pakistan condemned India on Tuesday for detaining Kashmir separatist leader and Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front chief Yasin Malik and called for the release of all jailed Kashmiri separatists. Malik, an executive member of the separatist All-Parties Hurriyat Conference, was detained by police on Monday under anti-terrorism law Poto after they arrested a woman carrying $100,000 for his group. A Pakistan foreign ministry statement, quoted by the official APP news agency, called the charge trumped up and said the move reflected India's "disregard for the fundamental rights and liberties of Kashmiris" and frustration at failing to suppress their struggle. Police fired teargas in Srinagar on Tuesday to disperse dozens of demonstrators protesting against Malik's arrest. The Pakistani statement urged India to "end its repression" in Kashmir, release jailed Kashmiri separatists and resume deadlocked talks with Pakistan over Kashmir. a development following the exposure of fudging of the DNA samples of those killed at Pathribal in Anantnag, experts from Hyderabad and Kolkata laboratories reached here on Monday to collect fresh blood samples of the relatives of the victims. A four-member team of forensic experts, two each from Hyderabad and Kolkata, arrived here along with inspector general of police Jammu P.L. Gupta. Addressing a press conference in Kabul on his first visit to Afghanistan, Musharraf ruled out joint operations with US troops to flush out terrorists hiding in Pakistan. Musharraf was referring to recent raids in Lahore and Faislabad in the Punjab province, which led to the arrest of nearly sixty terrorists. Abu Zubaida, a top Al Qaeda official, is suspected to be among those detained. The Pakistani president presented a check of $10 million in aid to Afghanistan's interim leader Hamid Karzai. Reacting to reports that the Centre continues to hold back door consultations with Hurriyat leaders, Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister Farooq Abdullah on Tuesday sarcastically advised the central government to continue 'pampering' Hurriyat Conference leaders. Kashmir Conflict :: essays research papers Pakistan condemned India on Tuesday for detaining Kashmir separatist leader and Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front chief Yasin Malik and called for the release of all jailed Kashmiri separatists. Malik, an executive member of the separatist All-Parties Hurriyat Conference, was detained by police on Monday under anti-terrorism law Poto after they arrested a woman carrying $100,000 for his group. A Pakistan foreign ministry statement, quoted by the official APP news agency, called the charge trumped up and said the move reflected India's "disregard for the fundamental rights and liberties of Kashmiris" and frustration at failing to suppress their struggle. Police fired teargas in Srinagar on Tuesday to disperse dozens of demonstrators protesting against Malik's arrest. The Pakistani statement urged India to "end its repression" in Kashmir, release jailed Kashmiri separatists and resume deadlocked talks with Pakistan over Kashmir. a development following the exposure of fudging of the DNA samples of those killed at Pathribal in Anantnag, experts from Hyderabad and Kolkata laboratories reached here on Monday to collect fresh blood samples of the relatives of the victims. A four-member team of forensic experts, two each from Hyderabad and Kolkata, arrived here along with inspector general of police Jammu P.L. Gupta. Addressing a press conference in Kabul on his first visit to Afghanistan, Musharraf ruled out joint operations with US troops to flush out terrorists hiding in Pakistan. Musharraf was referring to recent raids in Lahore and Faislabad in the Punjab province, which led to the arrest of nearly sixty terrorists. Abu Zubaida, a top Al Qaeda official, is suspected to be among those detained. The Pakistani president presented a check of $10 million in aid to Afghanistan's interim leader Hamid Karzai. Reacting to reports that the Centre continues to hold back door consultations with Hurriyat leaders, Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister Farooq Abdullah on Tuesday sarcastically advised the central government to continue 'pampering' Hurriyat Conference leaders.

Nursing Servant Leadership Paper Essay

As we develop into leaders, one of the things we need to know is what it means to be a servant leader. Today such examples are greatly lacking. Servant leadership is a choice by a leader to follow the example of The Jesus Christ and The Mother Teresa and lead by serving, becoming a bondservant and giving his life for others. Servant leadership is an inner attitude of the heart by which a person chooses to place himself or herself under the leadership of Jesus Christ and Mother Teresa. Christ often invited people to follow him. Some followed and many did not. One of the things to understand is the difference between obedience and submission. A person in authority or general leader in our present society can command for obedience. Submission, on the other hand, is a choice by the follower to choose to follow a leader, and also an inner attitude of the heart can never be commanded. Some chose to submit to Christ and followed him. Many chose not to submit to Christ and followed other religious leaders. Christ gives us the freedom to make the choice not to follow or submit. Most religious leaders out there serve the people and community first. The characteristics of a servant leadership as seen by Robert Greenleaf are â€Å"listening, empathy, healing, awareness, persuasion, conceptualization, foresight, stewardship, commitment to the growth of people and building the community.† (Greenleaf, 2002, p. #19-25) The first and most important characteristic of an excellent servant leader is listening. A servant leader always listens to the concerns of his/her co-workers, staff members, or patients and tries to find the most appropriate or the best solution to a problem. Leaders have traditionally been valued for their communication and decision-making skills. Although these are also important skills for servant leaders, they need to be reinforced by a deep commitment to listen intently to others. By listening intently, servant leaders seek to identify the will of their group members and help to clarify that will. For example, Mother Teresa had always listened to the concerns and conditions of the poor and needy people; therefore, she dedicated her life into servicing and taking care of people who needed help and fulfilled her main purpose in life by believing that, â€Å"Service to human is service to God† Listening is essential to the growth and well-being of a servant leader. Second, empathy is another important characteristic of an excellent leader. A servant leader strives to understand and empathize with others. People need to be accepted and  recognized for their specialty and uniqueness. An excellent servant leader assumes the good intentions of co-workers and colleagues and does not reject them as people, even when one may be forced to accept certain behaviors. For example, Mother Teresa said that, â€Å"The biggest disease today is not leprosy or tuberculosis, but rather the feeling of being unwanted.† We can see Mother Teresa in her missionary work because she had established orphanages, leprosy outreach clinics, shelters for the homeless, the poor, the disabled, and the blind. Third, healing is one of the most vital characteristics of an excellent servant leader. One of the greatest strengths of servant leadership is the potential for healing one’s self and one’s relationship to others. Many people have broken spirits and suffered from a variety of emotional hurts. Although this is a part of being human, servant leaders recognize that they have an opportunity to help those with whom they come into contact. For example, Mother Teresa showed her empathy toward the diseased and hungry people by providing them with bandages, medicine, and nutritious food. Fourth, a crucial characteristic of an excellent servant leader is awareness. General awareness, especially self-awareness, strengthens servant leaders. Awareness helps one to understand issues involving ethics, power, and values. It lends itself to being able to view most situations from a more integrated, holistic position. For example, Jesus Christ had cured many people who were suffering from leprosy and gave life to many dead people, but he told them not to tell anyone because Jesus Christ knew that only he could make miracle happen, and if rumor had spread about his miracle, then his work of service would be opposed by other religious leaders. Fifth, another important characteristic of servant leaders is reliance on persuasion, rather than using one’s positional authority in making decisions within an organization. A successful servant leader seeks to convince others, rather than giving orders to their workers to follow his/her decision. This particular element offers one of the clearest distinctions between the traditional authoritarian model and that of servant leadership. A servant leader is effective at building harm ony within his/her group. For example, Mother Teresa had persuaded others to help her eradicate the poverty and diseases by providing medicine, bandages, food, and clothes to people who needed them. The sixth characteristic of an excellent servant leader is conceptualization and foresight. The ability to  look at a problem from a conceptualizing perspective means that one must think beyond day-to-day realities. While a traditional leader is more likely to be consumed by the need to achieve short-term operational goals. A servant leader, instead, stretches his or her thinking to encompass broader-based conceptual thinking. The ability to conceptualize is also very closely related to the ability to have foresight. Foresight is a characteristic that enables the servant leader to understand the lessons from the past, the realities of the present, and the likely consequences of a decision for the future. For example, Mother Teresa knew that although she followed Catholicism, she should not preach her religion to people since it would be opposed by the Hindus because they would think that Mother Teresa was converting them from Hinduism to Christianity, and the government of India would stop her service to humanity. The seventh essential characteristic of an excellent servant leader is stewardship. As per definition.com, the stewardship is defined as, â€Å"holding something in trust for another.† Stewardship means an institution in which CEO, staff members, and trustees all play significant roles in holding their institutions in trust for the greater good of society. Servant leadership, like stewardship, assumes first and foremost a commitment to serving the needs of others. It also emphasizes the use of openness and persuasion, rather than control. For example, Mother Teresa used her ability of persuasion to tell others to help her in the noble cause and invited decision of every individual to give better care and services to diseased and poor people. The eighth and essential characteristic of an excellent servant leader is a commitment to the growth of people and building community. Servant leaders believe that people have an intrinsic value beyond their contributions as workers. A servant leader also recognizes the tremendous responsibility to do everything in his or her power to nurture personal and professional growth of employees and colleagues. In practice, this can include actions such as making funds available for personal and professional development, and encouraging workers to be involved in decision-making. Servant leaders also seek to identify some means for building community among those who work within a given institution. Servant leadership suggests that true community can be created among those who work in businesses and other institutions. For example, Mother Teresa had persuaded others to help her with raising  funds to establish clinics for people with diseases and to buy clothes, slippers, and food for poor people. By doing this, she had built a better community within society in many countries of the world. At last, I would like to conclude that servant leaders seek to involve others in decision making, and servant leadership is strongly based on ethical and caring behaviors. It also enhances the growth of workers while improving the caring and quality of organizational life by employing the characteristics like listening, empathy, healing, awareness, persuasion, conceptualization, foresight, stewardship, and commitment to the growth of people and building the community. Indeed, servant leadership offers great hope for the future in creating better, more caring, institutions.

Summary Of The Poem This Earth Of Mankind - 1473 Words

This Earth of Mankind is a novel that takes place between 1898 and 1910 and conveys the story of a Javanese boy by the name of Minke and his life growing up in the Netherlands East indies. Minke is a brilliant student who is a descendant of Javanese royalty and have a very good critical eye when it comes to the dangers of the world. He is the first Javanese boy to attend an elite Dutch Colonial High School. Minke’s life is going to change once he is invited to live with an atypical family. The mother of this family is a native concubine by the name of Nyai Ontosoroh, she has two half- European children, Robert and Annelies who Minke ends up falling in love with, but Robert does not approve causing anger to grow towards Minke. With the†¦show more content†¦Through the story of minke we see the suffering that is caused by colonialism and human dignity and the freedom. This novel a great illustration of the twentieth century and the understanding of humanity and all the complexities. Through the novel Minke implements views into the period in which Dutch colonial is above the Java world. This earth of mankind illustrates a great time of modern world history by displaying the Dutch colonial time and their goal to improve the natives and their population by exposing then to the social tutelage and the western education. During this time there was also a higher change in technology along with the arise of political issues in Netherlands East indies as the indigenous people look for a path that will help increase their freedom and Autonomy in their everyday life. European and American colonial powers in the 19 century both began to see each other on a higher scale than others in terms of their population of natives and their colonies. They saw each other as a guide that will help them improve and benefit from the each other’s goods like western education and cultural emulation to improve the European culture and intellectual along with the qua lity of the political system. However, the guidelines for Netherlands became a spread of dominant outlook that the Europeans were racist and thought that that their culture was better thanShow MoreRelatedCritique Of `` Michael ``964 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Michael.† In British Literature, compiled by Sandra Brazil, 194-199. Pensacola: A Beka Book, 2010. Summary of Major Ideas In â€Å"Michael,† William Wordsworth attempts to demonstrate the reader about good life lessons throughout the poem. He states that â€Å"Michael† implements Romanticism literary philosophies and characteristics. He supports this claim by showing literary devices throughout the poem. 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He states â€Å"Such I created all th’ethereal Powers / And spiritsRead More William Wordsworths Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey2734 Words   |  11 Pagesa Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey. The poem enlightens the reader on the awesome power and depth of nature, which Wordsworth has discovered in his trials and tribulations upon the earth. Thus, to fully understand the significance of nature in all lives told through Lines Composed A few Miles Above Tintern Abbey one must understand the setting and mood, as well as comprehend the rhyme scheme, and use of many diverse poetic devices that interact within the poem. One is able to gain insight into