The New South Wale s Criminal Justice System - 1265 Words

The New South Wale’s criminal justice system aims to meet the needs of its society through its role in maintaining fairness, justice and equality. However, many flaws and faults still exist in the system that does not always result in the most beneficial outcome for the whole community. From the inappropriate use of a jury in the criminal trial process, the misuse of powers from law enforcement agencies such as the police and the unfair bail conditions for young offenders, it can be seen that the criminal justice system is failing to meet the needs of its community by not balancing the protection of the community with the protection of freedom and rights of individuals. These issues need to be recognised and amended in order to ensure that†¦show more content†¦In the 2013 case, R v Gittany, the accused, Simon Gittany, requested for a judge-only trial. This was due to the complexity of his murder case and the media coverage which Gittany believed would have influenced the jury’s perspectives and outcome. The complexities and intricacies of a trial that took barristers and solicitors years of expertise to understand and interpret cannot be expected to be completely understood from a group of twelve members from the public. This can be seen in a recent 2013 report from the Sydney Morning Herald, ‘Jurors Need More Direction’ where the NSW Law Reform Commission (LRC) found that the directions given to juries from judges ‘are not working, overly complex and need to be clearer’. However, their imperfections aren’t enough to have them off the trial process as juries allow the public to be involved in the judicial system. Public participation in the criminal trial process creates more confidence in the legal system. Juries are the most democratic aspect of the criminal trial process and are a crucial aspect in representing the interests and needs of the community. The New South Wale’s police system have failed to meet the needs of its society due to the misuse and misconduct of its given powers. The police have a large amount of discretion

Observation Paper On Preschool Observation - 1829 Words

Preschool Observation Paper Jacqueline Larsen Brooklyn College Abstract This paper contains observations of a preschool classroom in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn. The observation was conducted in a Pre-K classroom with approximately ten students present. Observations are presented with regard to dramatic play, the presence of gender roles, and themes that emerge during preschool play. Peer relationships and levels of friendship between students will also be discussed. Relationships with adults in the classroom with in terms of attachment styles and general interactions involving teachers and parents will be reviewed. Observations are also described in relation to self-control, self-regulation, aggression,†¦show more content†¦I listened in on the two boys whose play evolved into various themes throughout the play period. In response to the teacher’s question on what he was making, one child responded: â€Å"It’s a mission cruiser from Paw Patrol.† There was dispute among the two on who should be which character. One boy empha tically stated â€Å"I’m not Chase, I’m the little boy!† The other child appeared reluctant to accept this change in roles but gave in rather quickly, likely to appease his classmate. After the roles were settled, the boys began their play by imitating the apparent motifs of this particular television show, mostly involving emergency situations in which people or animals were in need of rescue. After the pair grew tired of this scenario, one of the boys morphed his manipulatives into a weapon shape while saying to the other: â€Å"let’s shoot you.† The teacher was quick to abort this idea with a calm but firm â€Å"no thank you, nothing that hurts other people.† Overall, the play between these two boys did contain largely gender stereotypic themes involving action and adventure and, towards the end, stemmed from potentially violent ideas. Research suggests that children often prefer playing with toys consistent with those typical for their gender (Goble, Martin Hanish 2012). However, they will adjust theShow MoreRelatedPreschool Observation Paper3113 Words   |  13 PagesSETTING The date of my observation was April 27th, 2010. It was about 9:30 in the morning when I began my study. I went to Grossmont College’s Child Development Center. The first thing I began looking for was if the child-teacher ratio was correct. The child ratio was 2 teachers to about every 8 children. The ratio was good. As I entered there was one large room that almost looked as if it could be two rooms they way it was set up. One half consisted of a large bookshelf with numerousRead MoreMy Observation Of My Preschool Observation1108 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of my â€Å"Preschool Observation† is to observe the behavior of a three year old toddler in a head start school setting. The child’s name is Adam Johnson, he is three years old, I do not know the child. I knew that if I did not know the child it would be a better observation. My purpose is to objectively observe the two year old toddler without bias responses of my observation in full descript ive details. My observation of the three year old preschool is to explain the domains of developmentRead MoreIntervention : Overview On The Classroom1439 Words   |  6 Pagesgood behavior. This strategy â€Å"includes a teacher praising or giving attention to students who behave appropriately. 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Every furniture and objectRead MoreMajor Connections Between Young Children s Development And Learning And Their Later Attainment And School Achievement1554 Words   |  7 Pagesconnections between young children’s development and learning and their later attainment and school achievement. In addition, negative courses for children who begin kindergarten behind their peers have been reported. These results make it necessary that preschool children have the basic foundation for upcoming school success and are ready when they enter kindergarten. In the past it was expected that children were ready for kindergarten if they were healthy and well-nourished; thoughtful of other’s emotions;Read MoreCognitive And Perceptual Development Of Children1517 Words   |  7 Pagesopportunity to improve and learn new skills from manipulating different objects as well as can practice intertrial variability from playing with others. In order to better understand the concept of motor development in children, a naturalistic observation can be performed. Depending on the environment, certain motor skills can be refined, while others can be repressed. Haywood and Getchell (2014) suggest that in order to better understand motor development in children, cognitive and perceptual developmentRead MoreOccupational Therapy And Speech Therapy Essay996 Words   |  4 Pagessensory integration, and fine motor skills. During this semester the determination and the selection of this internship, ensures me that this outpatient facility was truly a p rovision that will assist me future endeavors for a lifetime. Obtaining the observation of these two professions has been a pleasurable experience. Each day was filled with enjoyment and determination. Each of the therapist were willing to surpass what was expected, to ensure that a goal was met daily. Some of the things that I observedRead MoreJean Piaget s Influence On The Way We Understand Children1609 Words   |  7 PagesOnlooker play, Parallel play, Associative play, and Cooperative play. Like Piaget and Parten, I conducted my own observation at a local preschool to get a better understanding of how children interact and behave. The preschool went by Maywood Child Development Center and it’s located at the very back of the park right behind a pool and a baseball field. On the day of my observation I arrived fifteen minutes before the kids went out to recess, which was perfect because I would be exposed to how theRead MorePersonal Statement On Child Development1373 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment because preschool age children are eager to learn and a joy to teach. I enjoy creating developmentally appropriate activities for children. They enjoy a variety of activities and need to be guided through play. The qualities most preschoolers share are they love to take on roles such as a mommy, teacher, or other grown up role, they want to please the adults and they are learning to communicate their needs. Early childhood education research shows children who attend preschool programs are moreRead MoreSociocultural Theory And Social Interaction1258 Words   |  6 PagesMethod Aven is a female who is two years and ten months old. She is middle class Caucasian. She has attended pre-pre school at Gymboree two days a week for two hours for the last six months. Pre-preschool is a form of preschool that prepares children who are not yet old enough to attend regular preschool. They base their instruction and learning through the concept â€Å"learn through play†. Prior to her attending pre school at Gymboree she would attend classes there with her mother. Attending these classes

Economics for Business and Guidelines

Questions: 1. Compare the market structures of Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly? 2. Explain what Non-price competition means? 3. Explain the term mutual dependence and which market structure experiences it the most? 4. Which market structure do you think each of the following businesses belong to? Explain your choice? 5. Diagrams of demand curves facing two firms? Answers: 1. Perfect Competition 1. Number of firms in the market: In such market structure, there are many firms available on the market offering products to the consumers. 2. Similarity of the products sold: The firms offer similar types of products or services to the target demographics. Precisely, there are no perfect substitute products offered to the consumers. 3. Barriers to entry: In such perfect competition market structure, barriers to entry in the market are substantially low. Meanwhile, the entry of a new competitor will not impact the competitors market share in direct order Monopoly 1. Number of firms in the market: In a monopoly market structure, the number of producer or firm is only one. 2. Similarity of the products sold: Due to lack of product substitute, the producer or seller has sold exclusive products to the target demographics. 3. Barriers to entry: As the product manufacturer in such market structure has got exclusive product rights, any other competitor cannot make an entry in the market Monopolistic Competition 1. Number of firms in the market: The number of firms in such market structure is many. 2. Similarity of the products sold: Similarity of products is less as the products are manufactured for the same purpose, but are differentiated by different factors (Feenstra, 2016). 3. Barriers to entry: Barriers to entry are relatively low in compared to oligopolistic or monopoly industry Oligopoly 1. Number of firms in the market: In such market structure only a few organisations have created an industry.2. Similarity of the products sold: In an oligopolistic market structure, the products manufactured by the firms are nearly identical. 3. Barriers to entry: Due to lack of several competitors in the industry, the barriers to entry are significantly high such as in monopoly business (Layton, Robinson, Tucker, 2012). 2. Non-price competition is a particular market situation in which the industry contestants would not reduce the product prices to get distinct sales benefits (Symeonidis, 2010). Meanwhile, to stay competitive, competitors uses extensive marketing promotions. In a non-price competition, the industry competitors often engage in other significant means instead of lowering prices. First of all, extensive advertising can be identified as one of the most common concepts to become competitive in a non-price competition. Secondly, efficient marketing strategies have been implemented to draw the attention of the target demographics (Layton, Robinson, Tucker, 2012). On another note, quality customer services will be provided by the sellers to stay ahead in a non-price competition market. In this way, sales of the products and services can be increased without reducing the price. 3. Mutual dependence is termed as the interdependence of planning the pricing and product differentiation strategy of the firms operating in the same market. By considering the fact of interdependence, it can be seen that the oligopoly market structure experiences mutual dependence the most (Layton, Robinson, Tucker, 2012). The primary reason for the extreme level of mutual dependence is the few number of sellers and differentiated products. Any change in the strategy of one organisation impacts the strategies and planning process of the other firms. 4. 1. Coles Supermarket in my city belongs to oligopoly market structure becuase of few number of sellers. It is interdependent on other firms operating in the market. 2. A hair dresser salon belongs to perfect competition market structure due to a huge number of salons operating in the market with similar products and services. 3. Metro Trains in Melbourne and Sydney Trains belongs to monopoly market structure becuase they are the utilimate seller in the market and any new entry to the market is restricted (Layton, Robinson, Tucker, 2012). 4. National Australia Bank belongs to oligopoly market structure becuase there are few number of Banks in the market that offers differentiated products and services. 5. Academies Australasia Polytechnic belongs to oligopoly market structure becuase there are few number of polytechnic institutions in the market that offers differentiated products and services (Layton, Robinson, Tucker, 2012). 6. A small store that sells souvenirs such wallets, caps, tee-shirts, key chains in your citys Sunday market that has many such stores belongs to perfect competition market becuase of large number of sellers with similar products. 7. A car workshop in your city belongs to monopolistic competition becuase of large number of sellers in the market that offers differentiated services. It is a free to enter market for new entrants. 7. Iphone and Samsung in the mobile phone industry belongs to oligopoly market structure becuase of few number of sellers and differentiated products. It is comperatively difficult for new entrants to start business in the mobile phone industry becuase of a large investment. 5. Diagram A Diagram B By considering the two diagrams given above, it can be seen that diagram A represents inelastic demand curve and diagram B represents elastic demand curve. The application of the above diagrams to two different market structures has been presented herein below: Monopolistic Competition: The diagram B is an elastic demand curve that belongs to monopolistic competition market. In a monopolistic competition, any changes made by a firm will highly impact its sales because of the high level of competition and product differentiation in the market (Yomogida, 2010). Hence, the demand curve in the monopolistic competition market is elastic but not perfectly elastic. Oligopoly: On the other hand, any changes made by the firm in an oligopoly market will make other firms to do the same kind of change in its strategy. For example, if firm A reduces the price of its products, the firm B will also do the same to compete and survive in the market (Yomogida, 2010). Hence, the changes made in the price will not impact its demand by a high range. Hence, the demand curve in an oligopoly market is inelastic in nature. References Feenstra, R. (2016). Gains from Trade Under Monopolistic Competition.Pacific Economic Review,21(1), 35-44. Layton, A., Robinson, T., Tucker, I. (2012).Economics for Today(1st ed.). South Melbourne, Vic.: Cengage Learning Australia. Symeonidis, G. (2010). Price and Nonprice Competition with Endogenous Market Structure.Journal Of Economics Management Strategy,9(1), 53-83. Yomogida, M. (2010). Fragmentation and Welfare in Monopolistic Competition.Review Of International Economics,18(3), 531-539.